Only 2 papers in the peer-reviewed literature present fatality information from fatality monitoring studies at a photovoltaic utility-scale solar energy facility however, more data exists in unpublished reports. Photovoltaic solar energy provides benefits in that no emissions are produced however, there are potential impacts from photovoltaic solar development on birds that include habitat loss and potential for collision mortality. Recent trends in renewable energy development in the United States (U.S.) show that new installed capacity of utility-scale solar energy has exceeded 30% of total installed capacity of all sources per year since 2013.
